Verified — real FDD extraction
SBA-eligible · directory code S1083 since 2017
MASSAGE ENVY
Other · independent · est. —
Massage Envy is a membership-based massage and skincare brand offering massages and facials on a recurring subscription model. A franchisee builds and operates a clinic-style storefront, employing licensed massage therapists and estheticians and managing a membership base of repeat wellness customers.
MASSAGE ENVY net unit count declined -5.7% from 2023–2025 per its FDD Item 20.
New to franchising? Start here
A franchise is a business where you (the franchisee) pay a company (the franchisor) for the right to open and run a location using their brand and system — think a local Anytime Fitness or Taco John's owned by a small-business owner, not the corporation.
Before you can buy in, U.S. law requires the franchisor to give you a Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) — a long legal filing covering its fees, finances, and history. The numbers on this page come straight from that document:
- Franchise fee — the one-time cost to buy in.
- Royalty — the ongoing cut of your sales you pay the franchisor.
- Item 20 — how many locations opened and closed, the basis for our verdict (from Proven & strong down to Distressed — or Too new to judge).
The verdict
Proven & steady
Distress
A real track record with an unremarkable region of the ledger: neither the growth nor the exits stand out, for better or worse. The main concern in the record: the system is shrinking.
Exit rate · latest year
1.9%
fiscal 2025, per Item 20
Cost to open
$696K–$1.0M
Item 7 total investment range
SBA loan defaults
8.6%
vs 14.8% avg across rated brands
Behind the verdict
the record, factor by factor · Item 20
3-yr trend · Item 20 Table 1
terminations + ceased-ops vs. all exits · Table 3
transfers vs. base · Table 3
actual vs. projected openings · Table 5
Item 19 disclosure + completeness
Systemwide units
2023–2025
Survival record
FDD Item 20 · outlet status by year
In fiscal 2025, 19 of 1,009 franchised outlets left the system — a 1.9% annualized exit rate. Not every exit is a failure — but this is the measurable floor.
Show the outlet tables ↓Hide the evidence ↑
| Status (FTC) | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outlets at start | 1,083 | 1,053 | 1,009 |
| Opened | 10 | 1 | 3 |
| Transfers | 20 | 88 | 61 |
| Terminations | 3 | 16 | 4 |
| Non-renewals | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| Reacquired by franchisor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ceased — other reasons | 36 | 27 | 10 |
| Outlets at end | 1,053 | 1,009 | 993 |
| Net change | -30 | -44 | -16 |
The lender's view
SBA 7(a)/504 loan performance · FY1991–present
Banks have made 598 SBA-backed loans to MASSAGE ENVY franchisees since 2004. Of the 476 that have resolved, 8.6% were charged off (defaulted) rather than paid in full, versus 14.8% across 570 rated brands.
8.6%
41 of 476 resolved defaulted
68.9%
avg. charged-off $ ÷ approved $
5.9%
default rate × loss severity
$675,259
what recent franchisees borrowed
75 mo
approval → charge-off, defaulted loans
15 vs 50
distinct banks — pulling back
Charge-off rate by loan approval year (%)
SOURCE: SBA 7(a)/504 FOIA LOAN DATA (DATA.SBA.GOV), FY1991–PRESENT · MATCHED TO MASSAGE ENVY BY FRANCHISE NAME · RESOLVED = CHARGED-OFF + PAID-IN-FULL
The owner's side of the deal
FDD × federal loan record
Who finances it
Wells Fargo Bank National Association
10.0% of this brand's loans
That lender charges off 15.5% of its loans to other franchise brands, vs 14.8% nationally.
Who buys it
63.7%
first-time franchise owners
The rest already owned at least one other franchise. Across the corpus, brands bought mostly by repeat operators charge off at roughly 10% versus 17% for brands sold mostly to newcomers.
Does experience help here?
+0.6pp
multi-unit vs single-unit owners
Owners of multiple units default at 8.5%; single-unit owners at 7.9%.
Computed from 598 SBA 7(a)/504 loans to MASSAGE ENVY franchisees joined to the brand's own FDD. Debt service assumes level amortization at the average disclosed term and rate. A lender's rate excludes its loans to this brand, so it reads the lender, not the brand.
What it costs — and what it drags
FDD Items 5–7 · fees, investment, royalty
Buying in means a $45K franchise fee (Item 5) and a total investment of $696K–$1.0M (Item 7). The franchisor publishes an earnings claim (Item 19) — read its methodology closely.
To open (Item 7)
$696K–$1.0M
all-in investment range
Franchise fee (Item 5)
$45K
upfront, one-time
Royalty (Item 6)
6%
of sales, ongoing
Your figure — cross-check against this brand's Item 19 and current-owner validation.
Royalty you'd pay / yr
$60K
6% of sales, before profit
Over a 10-yr term
$600K
royalties alone, excl. ad fund
This is not profit. It's the only money the FDD actually pins down — what you put in, and the royalty you owe on every dollar of sales. Your real take-home depends on labor, rent, food cost, and ramp-to-breakeven, none of which any FDD discloses.
Build a real pro-forma for MASSAGE ENVY with an independent CPALabor record
US Dept. of Labor enforcement · franchisee-level · FY2005–present
Federal investigators have concluded 21 wage cases against operators of this system, recovering $19K in back wages for 87 workers. Some of these cases are recent, not ancient history. These cases name franchisee-owned locations, not the franchisor itself.
Concluded cases
21
Back wages owed
$19K
Employees affected
87
Since 2020
1
Read this carefully. The employers in these cases are individual MASSAGE ENVY franchisees — separately owned businesses operating under the brand name — not MASSAGE ENVY itself. The franchisor is not the respondent and in most cases is not a party. What the record shows is how this system's operators run their payrolls, which is worth knowing before you become one of them. Counts rise with system size and with age: a 20-year-old, 10,000-unit system will out-count a young one regardless of conduct. Source: DOL Wage and Hour Division concluded compliance actions, FY2005–present, most recent finding 2020.
Distress signals
news-sourced · bankruptcies, closures, lawsuits
Woman sues Massage Envy alleging sexual assault by therapist in Boca Raton
news:WPBF · 2mo ago
Massage Envy sued by woman who says she was violated by Lexington employee
news:FOX 56 News · 4mo ago
Lawsuit filed against Lexington Massage Envy over alleged assault
news:LEX 18 News · 4mo ago
11 questions to ask a MASSAGE ENVY franchisee
Built from this brand's own disclosures · take it to your validation calls
The franchisor will give you a list of owners to call. Most buyers ask whether they like it. These are the questions built from what MASSAGE ENVY has actually disclosed — each one carries the number it came from, so you can tell whether the answer squares with the record.
- 01
MASSAGE ENVY’s own Item 20 shows 19 of 1,009 franchised outlets left the system in fiscal 2025 — about 1.9%. Do you know any of those owners, and do you know why they left?
A franchisor will call these “transitions.” An owner three doors down usually knows whether they sold at a profit or handed the keys back.
FDD Item 20 · FY2025
- 02
61 units transferred to new owners in fiscal 2025. When you look at those, were they people cashing out a good business — or getting out of a bad one?
Transfers count as neutral in every ranking. They are the single easiest place to hide distress.
FDD Item 20 · FY2025
- 03
The system went from 1,053 units to 993 over 3 disclosed years. What's the explanation you've been given, and do you believe it?
A shrinking system means fewer owners funding the ad fund and support staff you're paying for.
FDD Item 20 · FY2023–FY2025
- 04
Of 476 SBA loans to MASSAGE ENVY franchisees that have finished, 8.6% were charged off — the borrower didn't repay. Did you finance with an SBA loan, and how close did your first two years come to trouble?
This is the lender's view of failure, from public federal records, and it is independent of anything the franchisor discloses.
SBA 7(a)/504 loan record, FY1991–present
- 05
You pay 6.0% royalty on gross sales, plus the ad fund, before any of your own costs. On your actual revenue last year, what did you take home as the owner — not revenue, take-home?
Royalty is charged on sales, not profit. This is the number the brochure never shows and the one your life actually runs on.
FDD Item 6
- 06
MASSAGE ENVY makes an earnings claim in Item 19. Does your unit look like that number — and do you know which units they included to build it?
Item 19 is legal to build from a flattering subset. Ask whether they excluded new units, closed units, or company stores.
FDD Item 19 · 2026
- 07
How many months did it take to cover your own costs, and how much cash did you burn getting there?
Ramp-to-breakeven working capital is the most underestimated line in any franchise purchase, and the most common reason otherwise-good units fail.
Not disclosed in any FDD — ask an owner
- 08
Item 3 discloses 22 legal matters. Do you know what those were about, and were any brought by franchisees?
Franchisee-brought suits over territory, fees or support tell you how the franchisor behaves when there's a disagreement.
FDD Item 3 · 2026
- 09
What does the franchisor charge for that you didn't expect — required tech fees, mandatory remodels, approved-supplier pricing?
Required spending appears across Items 6, 8 and 11 rather than in one place, so buyers routinely miss the total.
FDD Items 6, 8, 11
- 10
If your agreement came up for renewal tomorrow at current terms, would you sign again?
The single most predictive question you can ask. A hesitation is the answer.
Ask every owner you speak to
- 11
Who else should I call — including someone who left?
The franchisor's list is curated by definition. Former franchisees are where the unflattering truth lives, and current owners usually know how to reach them.
Ask every owner you speak to
Want this as a checklist you can take to the calls?
I'll email you the printable version, and tell you if MASSAGE ENVY’s numbers move — a new filing, a rising exit rate, a distress signal. Unsubscribe in one click.
A broker is paid by the franchisor to place you. I'm paid by you — and the job is pressure-testing MASSAGE ENVY's numbers, including talking you out of a bad deal.
This page is what buyers see before they call you for validation. If the record above is wrong — or right in a way the numbers can't show — say so. Corrections are checked against the filings; nothing you write is published with your name unless you agree to it.
MASSAGE ENVY franchise questions, answered from the filings
What percentage of MASSAGE ENVY franchises closed last year?
In MASSAGE ENVY's latest FDD Item 20 (fiscal 2025), 19 of 1,009 franchised outlets left the system — an annualized exit rate of 1.9%. That counts terminations, non-renewals, and "ceased operations — other reasons." There is no official failure rate, and not every exit is a failure, but this is the measurable floor.
How much does a MASSAGE ENVY franchise cost?
Per MASSAGE ENVY's 2026 FDD, buying in requires an initial franchise fee of $45K (Item 5) and a total initial investment of $696K–$1.0M (Item 7).
What royalty does MASSAGE ENVY charge?
MASSAGE ENVY charges an ongoing royalty of 6.0% of gross sales, per Item 6 of its 2026 FDD.
Does MASSAGE ENVY disclose earnings (Item 19)?
Yes — MASSAGE ENVY makes a financial performance representation in Item 19 of its 2026 FDD, reporting a median unit volume of $1.1M. Read it closely: franchisors choose which units and which metrics to include.
How often do SBA loans for MASSAGE ENVY franchises default?
Across 598 SBA-backed loans to MASSAGE ENVY franchisees since 2004, 41 of the 476 that have resolved were charged off — a 8.6% default rate, versus about 14.8% across all rated franchise brands. This is the lender's-eye view of franchisee failure, drawn from public SBA 7(a)/504 FOIA data and independent of the franchisor's own disclosures.