From the filed FDD — automated extraction, check the source
2018 FDD · 7+ years old — too old to rate
SBA-eligible · directory code S0639 since 2017
Firehouse Subs
Sandwiches, subs & delis · parent company: not identified
Firehouse Subs is a fast-casual sandwich chain known for hot specialty subs served with a firefighter-founded theme. A franchisee operates a counter-service sandwich shop serving lunch and dinner customers, with catering as an added revenue stream.
Firehouse Subs net unit count grew 15.6% over 2015–2017 per its FDD Item 20.
New to franchising? Start here
A franchise is a business where you (the franchisee) pay a company (the franchisor) for the right to open and run a location using their brand and system — think a local Anytime Fitness or Taco John's owned by a small-business owner, not the corporation.
Before you can buy in, U.S. law requires the franchisor to give you a Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) — a long legal filing covering its fees, finances, and history. Most numbers on this page come from that document; others come from federal SBA loan records and labor and census data, each labelled with its source:
- Franchise fee — the one-time cost to buy in.
- Royalty — the ongoing cut of your sales you pay the franchisor.
- Item 20 — how many locations opened, transferred and left the system, the main basis for our verdict, which rates how strong the disclosed record is, or says when the system is too new, the filing too old, or the disclosure too thin to judge.
Our rating · opinion
Filing too old to rate
The newest FDD we hold for this brand is from 2018, more than two years old. Franchise systems change a lot in that time, so we don't rate it until we have a current filing. For context, SBA loans to its franchisees approved FY2002–2020 charged off about as often as franchise loans of the same years (51 vs about 53 expected, 1.0×).
Exit rate · fiscal 2017
4.3%
vs 2.0% median across 9 comparable systems (sandwiches, subs & delis)
Cost to open
$92K–$825K
Item 7 total investment range
SBA loan losses · vs same-year loans
1.0×
51 of 451 charged off vs ~53 expected
Market density · Florida
Typical density
8% thinner than the national average
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Data as of 2026-10-29. Figures come from Firehouse Subs's public FDD filings (latest: MN 2018, extracted 2026-07-23) and SBA FOIA loan records (through FY2026), extracted by us and possibly containing errors. The rating is our opinion, not investment, legal, or tax advice. Franchisor or owner and see something wrong? Report a correction — we review every request.
What each source says
FDD record · SBA loans · model · auditor
We don't rate on an FDD more than two years old; the loan record and model are shown as context until a current filing arrives.
FDD record · Item 20
Filing too old
Latest FDD we hold is from 2018.
SBA loans · vs same-year loans
About as expected (1.0×)
51 charge-offs among 451 resolved loans approved FY2002–2020; about 53 expected.
Modeled risk
Lower risk
Safer than 83% of scored systems.
Auditor opinion · Item 21
Clean opinion
Unqualified audit, 2018 FDD. Says nothing about franchisee results.
Behind the verdict
the record, factor by factor · Item 20
latest consecutive years · Item 20 Table 1
terminations + ceased-ops vs. all exits · Table 3
transfers vs. base · Table 3
actual vs. projected openings · Table 5
Item 19 disclosure + completeness · shown, not counted in the verdict
Systemwide units
2015–2017
Survival record
FDD Item 20 · outlet status by year
In fiscal 2017, 43 of 1,005 franchised outlets left the system — an exit rate of 4.3% (fiscal 2017), vs a 2.0% median across 9 comparable systems (sandwiches, subs & delis). An exit is not a failure: this counts terminations, non-renewals and "ceased — other reasons" as reported, and excludes transfers to new owners.
Show the outlet tables ↓Hide the evidence ↑
| Status (FTC) | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outlets at start | 850 | 944 | 1,037 |
| Opened | 107 | 105 | 97 |
| Transfers | 49 | 68 | 61 |
| Terminations | 13 | 10 | 38 |
| Non-renewals | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| Reacquired by franchisor | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Ceased — other reasons | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Outlets at end | 944 | 1,037 | 1,091 |
| Net change | +94 | +93 | +54 |
The franchisor's own finances
FDD ITEM 21 · AUDITED STATEMENTS · 2018 FDD
Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP gave an unmodified (clean) opinion on the statements in the 2018 FDD; revenue rose 3% from FY2016 to FY2017 and it reported a net loss in FY2017.
This is the company selling the franchise, not any franchisee. A clean opinion means the statements are fairly presented — not that the business is healthy.
Revenue · FY2017
$47.7M
p. 86 · matched to statement
Net income · FY2017
−$584K
p. 86 · matched to statement
Where FY2017 revenue came from
86% royalties
7% initial / development fees
Show the statement figures ↓Hide the evidence ↑
| Fiscal year | FY2016 | FY2017 |
|---|---|---|
| Total revenue | $46.2Mp. 86 · matched to statement | $47.7Mp. 86 · matched to statement |
| Royalty revenue | $39.3Mp. 86 · matched to statement | $41.0Mp. 86 · matched to statement |
| Initial / development feesline: Area representative fees; Franchise fees | $3.4Mp. 86 | $3.1Mp. 86 |
| Net income (loss) | $3.5Mp. 86 · matched to statement | −$584Kp. 86 · matched to statement |
| Cash at year end | $9.4Mp. 85 | $10.1Mp. 85 |
The lender's view
SBA 7(a)/504 loan outcomes · compared with franchise loans of the same years
Banks have made 707 SBA-backed loans to Firehouse Subs franchisees since 2002. Of the 451 approved FY2002–2020 that have resolved, 51 charged off — where about 53 would be expected for franchise loans made in the same years. That is 1.0× the expected rate: these loans defaulted about as often as comparable franchise loans.
All-time, 53 of 478 resolved loans charged off (11.1%). That raw figure mixes every approval year since 2002 — loans made in 2006–08 failed at several times the rate of loans made in 2010–13 across all franchises — so it is shown as evidence, not as the score.
1.0×
51 of 451 resolved (FY2002–2020) vs ~53 expected
11.1%
53 of 478 resolved, every approval year
65.9%
charged-off $ ÷ approved $, defaulted loans
$451,655
what recent franchisees borrowed
64 mo
approval → charge-off, defaulted loans
70 vs 75
distinct banks still lending
Charge-off rate by loan approval year (%) · dashed line = all franchise loans that year
SOURCE: SBA 7(a)/504 FOIA LOAN DATA (DATA.SBA.GOV), FY1991–PRESENT · MATCHED TO FIREHOUSE SUBS BY SBA FRANCHISE NAME/CODE · RESOLVED = CHARGED-OFF + PAID-IN-FULL · EXPECTED = SAME-YEAR RATE ACROSS ALL SBA FRANCHISE LOANS, LOANS ≥ ~6 YEARS OLD
The owner's side of the deal
FDD × federal loan record
Who finances it
Stearns Bank National Association
6.4% of this brand's loans
That lender charges off 12.2% of its resolved SBA loans to other franchise brands in the FOIA file, vs 14.8% nationally — a read on that lender's portfolio mix, not a finding about the bank.
Who buys it
69.2%
borrowers with no other franchise SBA loan on record
The rest already owned at least one other franchise. Across the corpus, brands bought mostly by repeat operators have charged off less often than brands sold mostly to newcomers (see methodology).
Does experience help here?
+0.4pp
multi-unit vs single-unit owners
Owners of multiple units default at 11.2%; single-unit owners at 10.8% (each on 15+ resolved loans, owners identified by borrower-name matching).
Computed from 707 SBA 7(a)/504 loans matched to Firehouse Subs by SBA franchise code in the SBA FOIA file. Debt service assumes level amortization at the average disclosed term and rate. Owner-level splits rely on borrower-name matching and may misclassify. A lender's rate excludes its loans to this brand, so it reads the lender, not the brand.
What it costs — and what it drags
FDD Items 5–7 · fees, investment, royalty
Buying in means a $20,000 franchise fee (Item 5) and a total investment of $92K–$825K (Item 7). The franchisor publishes an earnings claim (Item 19) — read its methodology closely.
To open (Item 7)
$92K–$825K
all-in investment range
Franchise fee (Item 5)
$20,000
upfront, one-time
Royalty (Item 6)
6%
of sales, ongoing
Starts at a placeholder of $900K — a round figure for the sector, not from Firehouse Subs’ filings. Set your own figure and check it against this brand's Item 19 and what owners tell you.
Royalty you'd pay / yr
$54K
6% of sales, before profit
Over a 10-yr term
$540K
royalties alone, excl. ad fund
This estimate is computed by software from the brand's public filings and any inputs you enter. No CPA prepared it for you and no assurance is provided on it. Actual results will differ, and the differences may be material.
This is not profit. It covers what the FDD fixes: what you put in, and the royalty you owe on sales. Your take-home depends on food and packaging cost, labor, rent, and the months to breakeven, none of which the FDD fixes for your unit (some Item 19s include cost data — read it).
Build a real pro-forma for Firehouse Subs with a buyer-paid CPAHow the earnings claim is built
FDD ITEM 19 · BASIS · 2018 FDD
This filing makes an Item 19 earnings claim; we have not yet read how it is built. Open Item 19 and check which units it covers, which it leaves out, and whether it shows costs.
Show the basis ↓Hide the evidence ↑
Labor record
US Dept. of Labor enforcement · franchisee-level · FY2005–present
Federal investigators have concluded 56 wage cases against operators of this system, recovering $40K in back wages for 181 workers, including 26 child-labor cases. Some of these cases are recent, not ancient history. These cases name franchisee-owned locations, not the franchisor itself.
Concluded cases
56
Back wages owed
$40K
Employees affected
181
Since 2020
24
26 of these cases involved child-labor violations, covering 138 minors across the system's franchised locations.
Read this carefully. The employers in these cases are individual Firehouse Subs franchisees — separately owned businesses operating under the brand name — not Firehouse Subs itself. The franchisor is not the respondent and in most cases is not a party. What the record shows is how this system's operators run their payrolls, which is worth knowing before you become one of them. Counts rise with system size and with age: a 20-year-old, 10,000-unit system will out-count a young one regardless of conduct. Cases are matched to the brand by trade name and may include misattributed employers. Source: DOL Wage and Hour Division concluded compliance actions, FY2005–present, most recent finding 2025.
Modeled risk
FDD Risk Score · a prediction from disclosure and loan-file features
Modeled from the public record, this brand looks safer than 83% of the systems we score (lower-risk band).
Observed · vs same-year loans
1.0×
51 of 451 seasoned loans charged off
Risk percentile
17th
Checkable · higher = riskier
Modeled · vs same-year loans
0.8×
≈ 12.8% at the all-loan vintage mix
Top drivers: System size (log units) (lowers) · Share financed by high-loss lenders (lowers) · Item 3 litigation (log) (raises) · Item 20 exit rate (lowers). The brand has 30+ seasoned resolved SBA loans, so the score can be checked against its own record. A linear scorecard trained on brands' vintage-adjusted SBA loss records; full spec and cross-validated accuracy on the methodology page. A score is context, not a verdict.
Public records
Bankruptcy, closure & federal court records · coverage is selective · dockets are not scored
We have no verified public-record signals published for Firehouse Subs. This is not evidence that no events exist. Check PACER, the FDD's Item 3 (litigation) and Item 4 (bankruptcy), and recent news yourself.
10 questions to ask a Firehouse Subs franchisee
Built from this brand's own disclosures · take it to your validation calls
The franchisor will give you a list of owners to call. Most buyers ask whether they like it. These questions come from what Firehouse Subs has disclosed. Each one carries the number it came from, so you can check the answer against the record.
- 01
Firehouse Subs’ own Item 20 shows 43 of 1,005 franchised outlets left the system in fiscal 2017 — about 4.3%. Do you know any of those owners, and do you know why they left?
A franchisor will call these “transitions.” An owner three doors down usually knows whether they sold at a profit or handed the keys back.
FDD Item 20 · FY2017
- 02
61 units transferred to new owners in fiscal 2017. When you look at those, were they people cashing out a good business — or getting out of a bad one?
Item 20 counts transfers as neutral, but a transfer can be a good sale or a reluctant exit — the filing does not say which.
FDD Item 20 · FY2017
- 03
SBA loans to Firehouse Subs franchisees approved 2002–2020 defaulted about as often as franchise loans made in the same years: 51 charge-offs among 451 resolved loans, where about 53 would be expected (1.0×). Did you finance with an SBA loan, and how close did your first two years come to trouble?
This is the lender's view of how these loans ended, from public federal records matched by SBA franchise code — independent of anything the franchisor discloses — compared with franchise loans made in the same years. A charge-off is a loan outcome, not proof the business closed.
SBA 7(a)/504 loan record, seasoned loans FY2002–FY2020 · 1.0× of same-vintage franchise loans
- 04
Item 7 says the low end to open is $92K; the average recent SBA loan to Firehouse Subs franchisees was $452K. What did you actually spend to open, all in — and did your loan cover anything beyond the build-out?
Lenders size loans to the project they finance. If owners say they spent near the loan figure rather than the Item 7 floor, budget from what they spent.
FDD Item 7 vs SBA approvals FY2020+
- 05
You pay 6.0% royalty on gross sales, plus the ad fund, before any of your own costs. On your actual revenue last year, what did you take home as the owner — not revenue, take-home?
Royalty is charged on sales, not profit. This is the number the brochure never shows and the one your life actually runs on.
FDD Item 6
- 06
Firehouse Subs makes an earnings claim in Item 19. Does your unit look like that number — and do you know which units they included to build it?
Item 19 is legal to build from a flattering subset. Ask whether they excluded new units, closed units, or company stores.
FDD Item 19 · 2018
- 07
How many months did it take to cover your own costs, and how much cash did you burn getting there?
Ramp-to-breakeven working capital is the most underestimated line in any franchise purchase, and the most common reason otherwise-good units fail.
Not disclosed in any FDD — ask an owner
- 08
What does the franchisor charge for that you didn't expect — required tech fees, mandatory remodels, approved-supplier pricing?
Required spending appears across Items 6, 8 and 11 rather than in one place, so buyers routinely miss the total.
FDD Items 6, 8, 11
- 09
If your agreement came up for renewal tomorrow at current terms, would you sign again?
The single most predictive question you can ask. A hesitation is the answer.
Ask every owner you speak to
- 10
Who else should I call — including someone who left?
The franchisor's list is curated by definition. Former franchisees are where the unflattering truth lives, and current owners usually know how to reach them.
Ask every owner you speak to
Want this as a checklist you can take to the calls?
I'll email you the printable version, and tell you if Firehouse Subs’ numbers move — a new filing, a rising exit rate, a distress signal. Unsubscribe in one click.
A broker is usually paid by the franchisor to place you. I'm paid only by you, never by a franchisor you're considering — and the job is pressure-testing Firehouse Subs’ numbers, including talking you out of a bad deal.
This page is what buyers see before they call you for validation. If the record above is wrong — or right in a way the numbers can't show — say so. Franchisors: send corrections with the page reference and we will review them against the filing and update or annotate the page. Corrections are checked against the filings; nothing you write is published with your name unless you agree to it.
Firehouse Subs franchise questions, answered from the filings
How many Firehouse Subs franchised outlets left the system last year?
In Firehouse Subs's latest FDD Item 20 (fiscal 2017), 43 of 1,005 franchised outlets left the system — an exit rate of 4.3% — compared with a 2.0% median across 9 comparable systems (sandwiches, subs & delis) tracked here. That counts terminations, non-renewals, and "ceased operations — other reasons" as the franchisor reported them; it excludes transfers to new owners. The FDD does not say why each outlet left, and an exit is not the same as a failure.
How much does a Firehouse Subs franchise cost?
Per Firehouse Subs's 2018 FDD, buying in requires an initial franchise fee of $20,000 (Item 5) and a total initial investment of $92K–$825K (Item 7).
What royalty does Firehouse Subs charge?
Firehouse Subs charges an ongoing royalty of 6.0% of gross sales, per Item 6 of its 2018 FDD.
Does Firehouse Subs disclose earnings (Item 19)?
Yes — Firehouse Subs makes a financial performance representation in Item 19 of its 2018 FDD. Read it closely: franchisors choose which units and which metrics to include.
How often do SBA loans for Firehouse Subs franchises default?
SBA loans to Firehouse Subs franchisees approved 2002–2020 defaulted about as often as franchise loans made in the same years: 51 charge-offs among 451 resolved loans, where about 53 would be expected (1.0×). All-time, 53 of 478 resolved loans since 2002 charged off (11.1%); that raw figure mixes every approval year, so we compare with same-year loans instead. A charge-off is a loan loss, not proof the business closed. Source: public SBA 7(a)/504 FOIA data.